Hoaxyz.com
Allan Krill, Professor
of Geology
The
sciences of Stone Age Archaeology and Paleoanthropology (human origins) are unlike
other sciences. They exist mainly to inspire and entertain us. Their funding
depends on public interest and enthusiasmpeople want to know about human
history, and they enjoy unsolved mysteries and exciting new discoveries. Major
mistakes or falsifications are not fatal in these sciences; no plane will crash
or bridge will collapse because of an exaggeration, an error, or a hoax. In
fact, a successful hoax can be essential in keeping a project going. I am
realizing that Stone Age Archaeology and Paleoanthropology sometimes accepts major
hoaxes without correcting them. Remarkable finds, whether real or fictional, are easy
to 'sell' and bring more funding. But it is a problem that fake finds can discredit legitimate
hypotheses.
 |
Laetoli human footprints in a false 4 My lava
False fresh artifacts from a recent excavation
Hoax and fake are 'four-letter words'
in any science. Scientists might suspect a hoax, but won't investigate it. If a
scientist were to publicly suggest that a colleague falsified data, it could
quickly end his own career. Scientific organizations, university departments,
and scientific journals discourage investigation of possible hoaxes, because
any such discussion will harm their reputations. Their highest priority is to
maintain and promote their academic reputations. Any mention of hoaxes
conflicts with that goal.
Hoaxes ('hoaxyz') happen in paleoanthropology and
Stone Age archaeology quite often. It is only natural. An excavation or dig can
bring millions of dollars in funding, which pays for the dig, and helps support
labs and administrations, and the salaries of many researchers. A dig with
nothing found is a disaster, because no follow-up study or publications are warranted.
With a hoax, a dig's success and follow-up are certain, and another well funded dig is
more likely.
The
simplest hoax is when someone helps the excavation team by planting artifacts
that others will find. Such discoveries can seem miraculous to the team, but
everyone is willing to accept a miracle. We might say it in biblical terms: Whatsoever
a man soweth, that shall he also reap. If the
hoax involves planted bones, I now call it a Piltdown-type hoax. If worked
stones are planted, I call it a Finnmarkian-type
hoax. Stones are the easiest to falsify, because they cannot be radiocarbon
dated.
Stone
Age archaeology
in Finnmark, northern Norway is probably all
'fictional' initiated by Anders Nummedal. Starting
in 1925 he claimed to have found knapped stone artifacts on ancient shoreline
terraces in Finnmark. The artifacts were supposedly
lying loose on the ground, and were so obvious that they "jump out at
you". Archaeologists eventually realized that there are no knapped stones
to be found on the surface in Finnmark. Nummedal must have knapped the stones himself.
Nummedal published photographs of his artifacts, and anyone can now see that
they are faked. Stones lying on the ground would have lichen covering themNummedal's artifacts don't. Light-colored artifacts found
under the ground would have iron-rust stains on knapped surfacesNummedal's don't. Although Nummedal's
artifacts are obviously hoaxes, that possibility is never discussed, because
his claims benefit archaeology. More homemade artifacts are continually being
reported from digs that are well funded when road projects and construction
projects require a dig. The artifacts are not claimed to lie on the surface.
They are supposedly found out of sight, just below the surface. No human burials
or bones, or worked pieces of antler, bone, or wood have been found. Such items
could be radiocarbon dated and the DNA analyzed.
My heterodox
hypothesis is that there were no people living along the coasts of northern Norway
in the Stone Age. I now call this Stone Age archaeology 'fictional'. Experts
need samples to demonstrate their expertise, and it doesn't matter if the
samples are genuine or fake. The goal is to produce impressive professional
publications that demonstrate knowledge, efforts, and talents, and advance
academic careers. Experts don't blow the whistle on their colleagues, because
that would ruin their own careers.
Here are
blog posts documenting my research using this heterodox working hypothesis.
25.
The early stone-age Fosna- and Komsa-cultures:
unrecognized hoaxes (11.2022)
26.
Grahame Clark (1975): The Earlier Stone Age Settlement of Scandinavia (11.
2022)
27.
Newly discovered petroglyphs at 26m show that shoreline-dating gives us falsely
old ages
28. 'Le Finnmarkien': an archaeologic hoax for the ages (11. 2022)
41.
An open secret: Anders Nummedal used falsifications
to become an archaeologist (11.2022)
182. Sometimes scientists don't want to know (8.2023)
183.
Four things that new NTNU archaeology students should be told (8.2023)
184.
A recent hoax: Supposed Stone Age discovery at Vinjera,
mid-Norway (8.2023)
186.
Archaeologists thought that Nummedals shoreline
dates were much too old, but yielded ...
187.
Nummedal aggressively kept others from joining him in
the field (9.2023)
188.
Flint was brought from Danish beaches to Norwegian beaches as ballast in
longships (9.2023)
1.
Dubious Digs questioning finds of fossil finds and artifacts (10.2023)
2.
English translation of Anders Nummedal's 1926 lecture
'Stenaldersfundene i Alta' (1.2024)
4.
Nummedal must have knapped these 70 artifacts himself
in Alta in 1925 (1.2024)
5.
Stone Age implements that Nummedal supposedly found
in 1926 at Repvg in Finnmark
(1.2024)
9.
Nummedal's two 1926 dwelling sites at Russedalen Kolvik (Finnmark) (1.2024)
10.
Nummedal's 1926 Storbukta
site (Kolvik, Porsanger, Finnmark) (1.2024)
11.
Nummedal's 1926 Steinneset
site (Lakselv, Finnmark) (1.2024)
13.
Nummedal's 1926 Brselvneset site
(Brselv, Finnmark) (1.2024)
14.
Nummedal's 1927 Berlevg site (Finnmark) (1.2024)
16.
Nummedal's 1927 Vads site (Finnmark) (1.2024)
17.
How leading archaeologists deal with Nummedal's
obvious hoaxes (1.2024)
18.
The 'Finnmarkian' claims by Be
& Nummedal (1936) should now be studied and
debunked
19.
Nummedal's six sites at Grense
Jakobselv
(1.2024)
20.
STONE
AGE FINDS IN FINNMARK
Anders Nummedal (1929) PDF (1.2024)
22.
Nummedal's eight sites at Kirkenes (1.2024)
23.
Le Finnmarkien (1936). English translation of the
Foreword by Johannes Be and introduction
24.
List of Nummedal's 61 sites of falsified discoveries
in Finnmark
(1.2024)
25.
Be & Nummedal (1936).
Translation of "How far back was the Finnmarkian?" (1.2024)
26.
Le Finnmarkien (1936) Translation of the chapter
"The Finnmarkian in Universal Prehistory"
27.
Stone Age Finds in Finnmark: searchable text of Nummedal's 1929 article. (1.2024)
28.
Le Finnmarkien by Be &
Nummedal (1936). Translation of figure texts (104
plates, 495 figures)
29.
Le Finnmarkien (1936). Translation of the chapter:
"General character of the Finnmarkian" (2.2024)
30.
Using faked artifacts, Be & Nummedal
(1936) established Fictional Archaeology in Norway
31.
Johannes Be's reference list in
1936 (trs impressionnant, en franais) (2.2024)
32.
Nummedal's 12 sites along Varangerfjord
(here translated to English) (2.2024)
33.
Nummedal's 5 sites at Vard
(translated from French) (2.2024)
34.
Nummedal's sites at Syltefjord,
Btsfjord, and Kongsfjord on Varanger Peninsula (2.2024)
35.
Nummedal's 5 sites at Berlevg (translated from French) (2.2024)
38.
Nummedal's sites at Gamvik,
Nordkyn peninsula (translated from French) (2.2024)
39.
Nummedal's site near Lebesby,
Laksefjorden (translated from French) (2.2024)
40.
Nummedal's 2 sites on Magerya
(translated from French) (2.2024)
41. Nummedal's 2 sites along Lafjorden (translated from French) (2.2024)
42. Nummedal's 7 sites along Porsanger (translated from French) (2.2024)
43. Nummedal's 6 sites around Alta (translated from French) (2.2024)
44.
THE
FINNMARKIAN English
translation of Le Finnmarkien by Be
& Nummedal (1936) (2.2024)
45.
Nummedal's knapped stones originated as local cobbles
from most of his 61 sites (3.2024)
47.
Why didn't archaeologist Gutorm Gjessing
blow the whistle on Nummedal's falsifications?
48.
Modern archaeologic reports in Finnmark have not
mentioned Le Finnmarkien (1936) (3.2024)
49.
These ten local school kids are enjoying a totally 'fictional' archaeological
dig at Gamnes(3.2024)
50.
Le Finnmarkien (1936) has not been available online
at the National Library of Norway (3.2024)
51.
Gjessing (1936) fully endorsed Nummedal's
discoveries of early Stone Age finds in Finnmark
52.
Nummedal's stones: many of them "speak for themselves." (4.2024)
53.
Hammerstones: easy to make, but are they really
possible to find? (4.2024)
54.
Melsvik chert near Alta in Finnmark: a 2012-2013 quarry using Stone Age techniques (4.2024)
57.
Nummedal: "Tools of Antler and Bone from Finnmark" (in the journal Viking, 1938) (5.2024)
58.
The Melkya Project: the greatest archaeology hoax since Nummedals 'Finnmarkian' (5.2024)
60. The evidence of Neanderthals having lived in northern Europe was shown to be false (7.2024)
61. Heterodox Talks. (ideas worth shunning ;) (8.2024)
62. The 'Hitra Man' found buried in shell sand has been (mis)interpreted to be from the Stone Age (8.2024)
63. The priests of Stone Age archaeology wont communicate with me or come to my Heterodox Talks (8.2024)
64. Anders Nummedal: the geologist who invented Norwegian Stone Age archaeology (9.2024)
65. English translation of Le Finnmarkien by Be and Nummedal 1936 (9.2024)
Paleoanthropology
Everyone would
like to know where in Africa humans came from, and why they lost their fur and
evolved to be so different than apes. But paleoanthropologists are fossil
experts, not evolutionists. If our questions about human evolution get
answered, their fossil-expertise would be pass, and their careers would
suffer. For over 60 years they have avoided discussing the 'Aquatic Ape Hypothesis'. They ridicule it.
'Fictional' paleoanthropology was initiated by Eugne
Dubois. He went to Java in 1887 intent on discovering bones of the missing
link. In 1891 he supposedly found them (Java Man / Homo erectus.) This
was a Piltdown-type hoax. He never let experts study his bones of Homo
erectus, and the bones have still never been chemically tested or
DNA-tested. It should be obvious that his fossils are falsifications, but that
topic is not openly discussed.
In the
current story of human evolution, humans evolved in eastern Africa, where it is
dry and fossil bones can be found. I think humans actually evolved in wet
western Africa where living chimpanzees exist (see Paleohuman.com). But there is no fossil bone of a chimp or any
other mammal in all of western Africa. It's too wet. Fossil-experts need
fossils, so they ignore western Africa. And they allow eastern African hoaxes.
The
accepted story of human evolution in eastern Africa is based on four major
fossil hoaxes: Lucy skeleton, Laetoli footprints, the
Turkana-Boy Homo Erectus skeleton, and Little Foot skeleton. Read my
manuscript: The story of human evolution is
based on fictional fossil evidence (submitted to many journals, but blocked by editors.)
A short list of hoaxers in
paleoanthropology.
Lucy bones are now known to include a
baboon vertebra. I think the bones were planted by PhD student Tom Gray to make
Professor Don Johansons expedition a success.
Laetoli footprints are not millions of years old as
claimed. They were incorrectly dated and then covered up by Mary Leakey to help
hide the incorrect interpretation.
The Turkana Homo Erectus is a 100-year-old human skeleton
that was planted and 'discovered' by Kamoya Kimeu, then chemically altered by Richard Leakey and Alan
Walker.
Little Foot
'skeleton' was
assembled by Ronald Clarke, from parts of 3 different monkey skeletons, and
human foot bones from a university medical school collection..
'Handaxes'
in England are
mostly genuine. But million-year-old handaxes in
Africa were probably planted there to make the archaeological sites more
convincing and famous.
Some of my messages from the 'Aquatic Ape Theory' discussion group: https://groups.io/g/AAT
66718.
3.6 million year old bipedalism at Laetoli is
a geological hoax (4.2020)
66954.
Should we really believe in fossil material that is not allowed to be
fluorine tested?73127. Three taboo topics in scientific
journals: aquatic-ape-hypothesis, humanzee, hoax
Some messages from the 'Anthropogeny' discussion group: https://groups.io/g/anthropogeny
7. Johanson's 1981
version of the 1974 Lucy fossil discovery (5.2020)
9. Paleoanthropology promotes untestable
evidence and unfounded beliefs (7.2020)
76. The story of human evolution is based on
fictional fossil evidence (12.2020)
105. Allan Krill's talk on Laetoli footprints at the 34th Geological Winter Meeting in
Norway, 2021 (1.2021)
110. New ideas on the possible use and
misuse of the Stone Age handaxe (2.2021)
224. Piltdownian
science experts won't mention the possibility of hoax (2.2022)
235. Professional wrestling and
paleoanthropology are unlike other sports and sciences
236. Examples of kayfabe
in paleoanthropology (5.2022)
237. Paleoanthropologists pull their
punches to get published (5.2022)
273 & 275. Some
F-words in paleoanthropology (7.2022)
280. How can an entire science be based on falsehoods and misinterpretations? (7.2022)